Spain

Rioja

Spain wine regions

About Rioja

Spain's most prestigious wine region, where Tempranillo achieves its finest expression through extended oak aging. The three sub-zones—Rioja Alta, Rioja Alavesa, and Rioja Oriental—each contribute distinct character: Alta provides structure and acidity, Alavesa offers elegance and finesse, while Oriental adds power and concentration. Traditional Rioja's hallmark is its American oak influence, lending vanilla, coconut, and dill notes that harmonize with the grape's cherry and leather character. Modern producers increasingly use French oak for a sleeker profile. White Rioja, particularly aged examples, represents one of Spain's most underappreciated treasures.

260–1610 m

Elevation range

redwhite

Wine styles

80 DOs

Avg. slope 6.3°

17 Communes

Avg. slope 8.3°

44 Communes

Avg. slope 8.3°

Spain wine regions

Vintages

70 · 1990–2024

Rating:

95+

90-94

85-89

80-84

<80

PeakReadyHold

Year	2024	2023	2022	2021	2020	2019	2018	2017	2016	2015	2014	2013	2012	2011	2010	2009	2008	2007	2006	2005	2004	2003	2002	2001	2000	1999	1998	1997	1996	1995	1994	1993	1992	1991	1990
Red
White

Outstanding Rioja Vintages

The best recent vintages rated excellent or exceptional.

Red

2021

Ready

96Exceptional

Return to classic form. Elegant wines with fine tannins and vibrant acidity.

2025Peak 2032–20412050

2020

Hold

93Excellent

Outstanding vintage across all sub-zones. Perfect balance of power and finesse.

2028Peak 2034–20462050

2019

Ready

92Excellent

Very good vintage with approachable style. Ripe fruit and polished tannins.

2026Peak 2031–20402044

2018

Ready

90Excellent

Excellent vintage with classical proportions. Fresh and elegant with good structure.

2025Peak 2030–20392043

2016

Ready

93Excellent

Very good vintage with elegant, balanced wines. Classical style with fine aging potential.

2024Peak 2030–20402044

2015

Ready

92Excellent

Excellent vintage with ripe, generous character. Full-bodied with soft tannins.

2023Peak 2028–20382042

2012

At peak

91Excellent

Excellent vintage despite drought. Concentrated, structured wines with good aging potential.

2020Peak 2025–20342038

2011

Ready

96Exceptional

Outstanding vintage, among the finest. Perfect balance of fruit, tannin, and acidity.

2021Peak 2028–20422046

2010

Ready

97Exceptional

Magnificent vintage with profound depth. Classic structure and complexity.

2020Peak 2027–20422048

White

2023

At peak

91Excellent

Excellent whites with good concentration. Fresh and expressive.

2024Peak 2024–20282030

2021

At peak

93Excellent

Classic vintage with excellent balance. Fresh modern styles and age-worthy traditional.

2022Peak 2022–20262028

2020

Drink now

92Excellent

Very good whites with pure fruit. Drinking beautifully.

2021Peak 2021–20252027

2019

Drink now

91Excellent

Excellent vintage with good structure. Oak-aged whites developing well.

2020Peak 2020–20242026

2018

Past window

90Excellent

Very good vintage. Fresh styles past peak, traditional oak-aged still developing.

2019Peak 2019–20232025

2016

Past window

92Excellent

Excellent whites. Fresh styles at peak, traditional aging well.

2017Peak 2017–20222024

2015

Past window

91Excellent

Very good vintage. Fresh styles past peak, oak-aged at prime.

2016Peak 2016–20212023

2014

Past window

91Excellent

Good vintage with fresh acidity. Traditional styles still holding.

2015Peak 2015–20202022

2012

Past window

91Excellent

Good concentration from drought. Traditional styles at peak.

2013Peak 2013–20192021

2011

Drink now

95Exceptional

Outstanding whites, especially traditional oak-aged. Some still improving.

2012Peak 2014–20232026

2010

Past window

91Excellent

Very good vintage. Traditional styles holding well.

2011Peak 2013–20202022

Denominación de Origen

Classification System

Spanish Quality Hierarchy

Spain's wine-quality pyramid, administered under the EU Protected Designation of Origin (DOP) framework. The two top legal tiers — DOCa and DOQ — have only been awarded to two regions in the country. Every wine DO in Spain sits somewhere on this ladder.

DOCa / DOQ

Denominación de Origen Calificada (Castilian) / Denominació d'Origen Qualificada (Catalan). Spain's highest wine classification — awarded only to Rioja (1991) and Priorat (2009)

Denominación de Origen — the main quality tier. Most Spanish wine regions (Bierzo, Rueda, Ribera del Duero, Rías Baixas, etc.) are DOs

Vinos de Pago (VP)

Single-estate designation for exceptional individual vineyards, outside the regional DO system. Currently around 20 properties nationwide (Dominio de Valdepusa, Pago de Otazu, etc.)

VC / Vino de Calidad

Vino de Calidad con Indicación Geográfica — a stepping-stone tier below DO, used by emerging regions building a track record toward full DO status

VT / Vino de la Tierra

Protected Geographical Indication (IGP) — a broader regional tier. Equivalent to France's IGP / Italy's IGT

Vino (without GI)

Basic table wine without a geographic designation

Origin Classification

Rioja classifies wines by geographic specificity, from the broad DOCa down to individual vineyard sites.

Viñedo Singular

Single vineyard wines from sites of special character, introduced in 2017

Vino de Municipio

Wines from one of Rioja's 144 municipalities

Vino de Zona

Wines from Rioja Alta, Rioja Alavesa, or Rioja Oriental

QDO Rioja

Wines from across the entire DOCa region

Aging Classification

One of the few designations that guarantees minimum aging time between barrel and bottle.

Gran Reserva

Minimum 5 years aging, 2 in oak, 2 in bottle

Reserva

Minimum 3 years aging, 1 in oak, 6 months in bottle

Crianza

Minimum 2 years aging, 1 in oak

Genérico

Young wines preserving freshness and fruit character

Sparkling Wine Classification

Rioja produces traditional method sparkling wines (Espumosos) from all 14 authorized grape varieties, with three tiers based on aging time on lees.

Gran Añada

Single vintage, minimum 36 months on lees, manual harvest, finest bubbles

Espumoso Reserva

Minimum 24 months on lees, manual or night harvest

Espumoso Genérico

Minimum 15 months on lees, traditional method

What Rioja produces

Red

Tempranillo-based, aged in oak from joven through Gran Reserva. Spain's most iconic reds.

White

Both modern barrel-fermented Viura and traditional oxidative whites are gaining recognition.

Rosé

Garnacha-based rosados, fresh and aromatic, a summer staple.

Sparkling

Rioja Espumoso, a DOCa tier added in 2019 — traditional-method sparkling in Crianza, Reserva, and Gran Añada aging levels.

Regional appellations

Rioja Espumoso

Traditional-method sparkling Rioja, added to the DOCa in 2019. Three tiers by lees aging: Crianza (15+ months), Reserva (24+ months), and Gran Añada (36+ months, vintage-only).

Notable producers

Estates that shape how this region tastes.

Lopez de Heredia

Traditional icon, Vina Tondonia

La Rioja Alta

Gran Reserva specialist, Rioja 904

CVNE

Historic house, Imperial Gran Reserva

Muga

Oak-aged Reserva and Prado Enea

Roda

Modern Rioja, Cirsion single-vineyard

Artadi

Single-vineyard, left DOCa for Vino de Mesa

Remelluri

Organic estate, Labastida terroir

Contador

Benjamin Romeo, cult garage wine

Grapes of Rioja

Grenache

Garnacha in Rioja

strawberryplumred cherrywhite pepper

The backbone of Rioja blends with Tempranillo. Adds flesh and warmth.

Rioja Blend

cherryplumvanillaleather

Traditional Rioja is defined by extended oak aging and Tempranillo-led blends

Tempranillo

Cencibel in Rioja

strawberryraspberryplumcherry

Spain's noble grape, softened by oak ageing. Cherry and plum lifted by American oak's vanilla, coconut, and dill, mellowing into leather and cedar over time.

Climate

continentaldrymediterraneancold winters

Continental climate with Mediterranean influences, featuring hot, dry summers and cold winters. The Cantabrian Mountains protect from Atlantic storms while the Ebro River moderates temperatures, creating ideal conditions for slow grape maturation.

Terroir

diverse soilsiron-rich soilsalluvialclaylimestone

Diverse soils ranging from clay-limestone in Rioja Alta (producing elegant, age-worthy wines) to alluvial deposits near the Ebro River in Rioja Oriental (creating fuller-bodied wines), with iron-rich clay soils in Rioja Alavesa contributing to wines with exceptional finesse and aromatic complexity.

Typical Aromas

vanillacedarred cherryleathertobaccococonut

Explore the aroma wheel

More in Spain

Alicante

Bierzo

Costers del Segre

Jerez

Jumilla

Mallorca

Monterrei

Montilla-Moriles

Frequently Asked Questions

What makes Rioja wine special?▼

Rioja is Spain's most prestigious wine region where Tempranillo reaches its absolute peak through extended oak aging. The three sub-zones each bring something unique - Rioja Alta provides structure and acidity, Rioja Alavesa offers elegance and finesse, while Rioja Oriental adds warmth and body. This combination creates wines with incredible complexity and aging potential that can develop for decades.

What are the best Rioja vintages?▼

2020 is absolutely outstanding - a perfect 5/5 vintage with ideal balance of power and finesse across all sub-zones. 2021 and 2023 are both excellent 4/5 vintages, with 2021 showing classic elegance and fine tannins, while 2023 delivers great concentration with classic cherry and leather notes.

What grapes are grown in Rioja?▼

Tempranillo is the star grape and backbone of Rioja, making up the majority of plantings and producing the region's most age-worthy wines. Grenache is the other key red grape, adding body and warmth to blends. There are also white varieties grown for Rioja's increasingly impressive white wines.

Is 2023 a good year for Rioja?▼

Yes, 2023 is an excellent vintage rated 4/5 for both reds and whites. The reds show beautiful concentration and elegance with classic cherry and leather characteristics, while the whites are fresh, expressive, and well-concentrated. It's a vintage that captures Rioja's signature style beautifully.

When should I drink Rioja 2023?▼

For basic Rioja 2023, you can drink them now through 2028-2030. Crianza releases will be perfect from 2027-2035, while Reserva and Gran Reserva from top producers won't peak until the 2030s and can age well into the 2040s. The excellent concentration in this vintage suggests they'll reward patience.

What food pairs well with Rioja wines?▼

Rioja is fantastic with grilled lamb, roasted meats, and aged cheeses - the oak aging complements smoky, savory flavors beautifully. Spanish classics like jamón ibérico, chorizo, and manchego are natural pairings. The white Riojas work wonderfully with seafood paella and grilled fish.

How does Rioja compare to Bordeaux?▼

Both regions focus on blending and extended aging, but Rioja uses American oak versus Bordeaux's French oak, giving Rioja more vanilla and coconut notes. Tempranillo in Rioja tends to be more approachable young than Cabernet Sauvignon-based Bordeaux, though both can age for decades. Rioja generally offers better value at every price point.

Map data: MAPA (Ministerio de Agricultura, Pesca y Alimentación) · Municipio boundaries © OpenStreetMap contributors (ODbL)